Fluke 45 Manual do Utilizador

®45Dual Display MultimeterUsers ManualPN 855981January 1989, Rev. 4, 7/97© 1999 Fluke Corporation, All rights reserved. Printed in USAAll product name

45Users Manualvi6-3. Performance Tests for mA Current Functions ... 6-76-4. Performance Tests for

45Users Manual6-6Table 6-2. Performance Tests for Volts, Diode Test, Ohms, and Frequency, Functions (cont.)DisplayFunction Range (Rate)Input LevelFreq

MaintenanceReplacement Parts66-7Table 6-3. Performance Tests for mA Current FunctionsDisplayFunctionRange (Rate) Input LevelFrequencyMin Max[ (mA)\ (m

45Users Manual6-8Table 6-5. Replacement Parts (cont.)ITEM DESCRIPTION FLUKE PART NO.RS41 *TL20*TL70*TM1TM2TM3TM4TM5Y8021 *Y8022*Y8023*RS-232 modem cab

AppendicesAppendix Title PageA Specifications... A-

45Users Manual

A-1Appendix ASpecificationsIntroductionAppendix A contains the specifications of the Fluke 45 Dual Display Multimeter.These specifications assume:• A

45Users ManualDC VoltageResolution AccuracyRangeSlow Medium Fast (6 Months) (1 Year)300 mV3 V30 V300 V1000 V—————10 µV100 µV1 mV10 mV100 mV100 µV1 mV1

AppendicesSpecifications AA-3Maximum Input1000V dc or peak ac on any rangeTrue RMS AC Voltage, AC-CoupledResolutionRangeSlow Medium Fast300 mV3 V30 V3

45Users ManualDecibel Reference Resistance8000 Ω1200 Ω1000 Ω900 Ω800 Ω600 Ω*500 Ω300 Ω250 Ω150 Ω135 Ω125 Ω124 Ω110 Ω93 Ω75 Ω50 Ω16 Ω†8 Ω†4 Ω†2 Ω†*

AppendicesSpecifications AA-5DC CurrentResolutionRangeSlow Medium FastAccuracyBurdenVoltage30 mA100 mA10 A10 mA100 mA10 A———100 nA1 µA100 µA1 µA10 µA1

viiList of FiguresFigure Title Page2-1. Front Panel ...

45Users ManualAccuracyAccuracyRange FrequencySlow Medium FastmA (To 100 mA)mA (To 100 mA)mA (To 100 mA)A (1-10A)A (1-10A)A (0.5 to 1A)A (0.5 to 1A)20-

AppendicesSpecifications AA-7OhmsResolutionRangeSlow Medium FastAccuracyTypical FullScaleVoltageMax CurrentThrough theUnknown300 Ω3 kΩ30 kΩ300 kΩ3 MΩ3

45Users ManualOpen Circuit Voltage3.2 V maximumContinuity Capture Time50 us maximum, 10 us typicalInput Protection500 volts dc or rms acNoteWhen the m

AppendicesSpecifications AA-9NoteWhen the meter is set to measure frequency and there is no input signal(i.e., the input terminals are open), the mete

45Users ManualGeneralCommon Mode VoltageSizeWeightPowerStandardsRS-232-C1000 V dc or peak ac maximum from any input to earth9.3 cm high, 21.6 cm wide,

B-1Appendix BASCII/IEEE-488 Bus Codes

45Users Manual

AppendicesASCII/IEEE-488 Bus Codes BB-3

C-1Appendix CIEEE-488.2 Device DocumentationRequirementsIntroductionSection 4.9 of the IEEE Standard 488.2-1987 states: "All devices shall supply

1-1Chapter 1IntroductionIntroducing the Fluke 45 Dual Display MultimeterNoteThis manual contains information and warnings that must be followed toensu

45Users ManualThe default meter setting is: volts tic, autoranging, secondary display inactive. Adifferent power-up configuration can be set by pressi

AppendicesIEEE-488.2 Device Documentation Requirements CC-3MEAS?, MEAS1?, MEAS2?, VAL?, VAL1?, and VAL2? return one of two possibleformats (set with t

45Users Manual18. The size of the resource description, if the *RDT command or *RDT? query areimplemented, Sections 10.30 and 10.31.The *RDT and *RAT?

45Users Manual1-2• 100,000, 30,000, and 3,000 selectable count resolution, with display reading speedsof 2.5, 5, and 20 readings per second (rps), re

IntroductionWhere to go from Here11-3 Chapter 2: Getting started Explains how to prepare the meter for operation and get started quickly taking basic

45Users Manual1-4

MULTIMETER SAFETYThe Fluke 45 Dual Display Multimeter has been designed and tested according to IECPublication 348, Safety Requirements for Electronic

2-1Chapter 2Getting StartedIntroductionChapter 2 explains how to prepare the meter for operation, discusses general operatingfeatures, and walks you t

45Users Manual2-2mA FuseReceptaclePrimaryDisplaySecondaryDisplayModifierButtonsInputTerminalsFunctionButtonsRangingButtonsShiftKeyReadingRateCALENABLE

LIMITED WARRANTY & LIMITATION OF LIABILITYEach Fluke product is warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanshipunder normal use and

Getting StartedTurning the Meter on22-33. Carrying Position1. Viewing Position2. Alternate Viewing Position4. Removal Position (to Remove, Pul

45Users Manual2-4POWERAUTOMN MXRATEdBRELREF# LOCALTHRESH ADDRBAUDHOLDLOHICOMPAAVFREQVREF-Press to Toggle In and Out of Decibels -Press to Toggle In an

Getting StartedSelecting a Measurement Range22-5 EXAMPLE: Press Z to select volts ac for the primary display, then press I toselect the decibels modif

45Users Manual2-6Measuring Voltage, Resistance, or FrequencyTo measure voltage, resistance, or frequency, press the desired function button andconnect

Getting StartedTaking Some Basic Measurements22-7CALENABLEV10A100mA600V CAT I1000V CAT IFUSE F1500 mAF 250VPOWERAUTO2NDMN MXRATEdBRELREF# LOCALTHRESH

45Users Manual2-8CALENABLEV10A100mA600V CAT I1000V CAT IFUSE F1500 mAF 250VPOWERAUTO2NDMN MXRATEdBRELREF# LOCALTHRESH ADDR BAUDHOLDLOHICOMPAAVFREQDUAL

Getting StartedOperating the Meter Under Battery Power (Optional)22-9To perform a diode or transistor junction test, press G to select the diode/conti

45Users Manual2-10

3-1Chapter 3Operating the Meter From the FrontPanelIntroductionChapter 3 explains how to operate the meter from the front panel. Refer to Chapter 4 fo

45Users Manual3-2DisplayThe meter has a 5-digit, vacuum-fluorescent, dual display. This display shows measure-ment readings, annunciators, and message

Safety ClassThis is an IEC safety class 1 (grounded enclosure) product. For safety, the ground wirein the line cord must be connected when operating f

Operating the Meter From the Front PanelDisplay33-3REMOTEEXT TRGSMF MAXMINdBHOLDRELAUTOmAmVDCACMkHzUNCALmAmVDC ACHzMkRemote Statewith or withoutFront

45Users Manual3-4Neither function modifiers (REL, dB, HOLD, and MN MX) nor the manual range modecan be selected in the secondary display. Measurement

Operating the Meter From the Front PanelSelecting a Measurement Function33-5Table 3-1. Input LimitsFUNCTION INPUT TERMINALS MAXIMUM INPUT| VeG and COM

45Users Manual3-6CALENABLEV10A100mA600V CAT I1000V CAT IFUSE F1500 mAF 250VPOWERAUTO2NDMN MXRATEdBRELREF# LOCALTHRESH ADDR BAUDHOLDLOHICOMPAAVFREQDUAL

Operating the Meter From the Front PanelRanging33-7Table 3-3. Current Ranges and Full Scale ValuesFast Reading Rate Medium Reading Rate Slow Reading R

45Users Manual3-8AUTOPress to Enter Manual Range and Up Range Press to Enter Manual Range and Down RangePress to Toggle In and Out of Manual Ranging.

Operating the Meter From the Front PanelMeasuring Frequency33-9Frequency Measurement RatesThe rate at which frequency measurements are taken is a fact

45Users Manual3-10Table 3-7. Maximum Sinewave Inputs for Frequency MeasurementsRange Maximim Input Voltage300 mV 1 V rms3 V 6 V rms30 V 60 V rms300 V

Operating the Meter From the Front PanelSelecting A Function Modifier33-11CALENABLEV10A100mA600V CAT I1000V CAT IFUSE F1500 mAF 250VPOWERAUTO2NDMN MXR

45Users Manual3-12modifier is selected, the relative base is shown in the secondary display. To turn off thisfeature, press S and, while holding it do

Operating the Meter From the Front PanelSelecting A Function Modifier33-13HOLD (Touch Hold) ModifierThe Touch Hold modifier allows you to take a measu

45Users Manual3-14Hold, then converts the measurement to decibels, then determines if the measurement iseither a new minimum or maximum value, and the

Operating the Meter From the Front PanelSelecting A Function Modifier33-15Table 3-10. S Button OperationsPushbuttons OperationsS then Z Show volts ac

45Users Manual3-16Using The Compare (Comp) Function The compare function (COMP) provides an easy way to determine if a reading fallswithin a designate

Operating the Meter From the Front PanelUsing The Compare (Comp) Function33-17Using the List EditorUse the list editor to select an option from a list

45Users Manual3-18Table 3-11. Options Available Through List EditorTo Set Pushbuttons Options AnnunciatorTouch Hold MinimumResponse LevelS then H(THRE

Operating the Meter From the Front PanelPower-Up Configuration33-19 The last number entered (or, in REL, the last measured value) is shown with the le

45Users Manual3-20Table 3-13. Power-Up Configuration Set at FactoryParameter ConfigurationsFunction Setting DC voltsRange Mode AutorangeReading Rate M

4-1Chapter 4ApplicationsIntroductionChapter 4 discusses some applications that will help you use the meter effectively. Theseapplications assume you a

45Users Manual4-2CALENABLEV10A100mA600V CAT I1000V CAT IFUSE F1500 mAF 250VPOWERAUTO2NDMN MXRATEdBRELREF# LOCALTHRESH ADDR BAUDHOLDLOHICOMPAAVFREQDUAL

iTable of ContentsChapter Title Page1 Introduction ... 1-1Introdu

ApplicationsUsing the Dual Display44-3Table 4-1. Sample Dual Display ApplicationsPrimary Display Secondary Display ApplicationsVolts DC Volts AC • Mo

45Users Manual4-4CALENABLEV10A100mA600V CAT I1000V CAT IFUSE F1500 mAF 250VPOWERAUTO2NDMN MXRATEdBRELREF# LOCALTHRESH ADDR BAUDHOLDLOHICOMPAAVFREQDUAL

ApplicationsHow the Meter Makes Dual Display Measurements44-5level, range type (autorange or manual range), the measurement rate (slow, medium, or fas

45Users Manual4-6Table 4-2. Typical Single Measurement Response Times (in Seconds)Slow Rate Medium Rate Fast RateMeas.FunctionAutoRange1SingleRange2Au

ApplicationsExternal Trigger44-7Update Rate in the Dual Display ModeThe update rate is the time between successive measurements for a steady state sig

45Users Manual4-8Table 4-4. Typical Measurement Intervals (in Seconds) for Dual Display MeasurementsAll AC or All DC Type AC & DC Types MixedMeas.

ApplicationsWhen Measuring Resistance44-9When Measuring ResistanceTwo-Wire ConfigurationThe meter measures resistance in a two-wire configuration usin

45Users Manual4-10By contrast, many meters use average-responding ac converters rather than true rmsconverters. The scale factor in these meters is ad

ApplicationsTrue RMS Measurements44-11DC AND ACTOTAL RMSTRUE RMS =0.0001.0001.0000.9000.6360.0000.7071.0001.0001.0002D0.0001.000AC-COUPLEDINPUTWAVEFOR

45Users Manual4-12

45Users ManualiiMeasuring Frequency... 3-8Frequency Ranging...

5-1Chapter 5Operating the Meter Using the ComputerInterfaceIntroductionThe meter can be operated from a host (e.g., a terminal, controller, PC, or com

45Users Manual5-2To determine which computer interface is enabled, press in POWER to turn the meter on.Press S, then press R. If "baud" and

Operating the Meter Using the Computer InterfacePreparing the Meter for Operations via the RS-232 Interface55-3RS-232 Print-Only ModeThe print-only mo

45Users Manual5-4The meter exits the list editor, returns to normal operation, and is configured forRS-232 print-only operations.Cabling the Meter to

Operating the Meter Using the Computer InterfacePreparing the Meter to be Operated via IEEE-488 Interface55-5Preparing the Meter to be Operated via IE

45Users Manual5-6Cabling the Meter to a HostThe meter communicates with a host through an interface connector on the rear panel ofthe meter. First tur

Operating the Meter Using the Computer InterfaceHow the Meter Processes Input55-75. Verify that the meter sends the following responseFLUKE, 45, nnnn

45Users Manual5-8Enable Register" later in Chapter 5) and the input string is discarded. If, on the otherhand, the input buffer becomes full when

Operating the Meter Using the Computer InterfaceHow the Meter Processes Input55-9• RULE 2: READ QUERY RESPONSES BEFORE SENDING ANOTHERCOMMAND STRING.

45Users Manual5-10In the following examples, <space> between commands is for readability only. However a <space> between a command and its

Contents (continued)iiiInstalling the IEEE-488 Interface... 5-5Enabling the IEEE-488 In

Operating the Meter Using the Computer InterfaceHow the Meter Processes Output55-11How the Meter Processes OutputThe following paragraphs summarize ho

45Users Manual5-122. Press E and T simultaneously."tri" and a number corresponding to the selected trigger type ("1", "2&quo

Operating the Meter Using the Computer InterfaceService Requests (IEEE-488 Only and Status Registers55-13A measurement is triggered while the input is

45Users Manual5-14the bus responds to the poll by sending the contents of its Status Byte Register. If aninstrument on the bus has made a service requ

Operating the Meter Using the Computer InterfaceService Requests (IEEE-488 Only and Status Registers55-150123456701234567&&&&&&

45Users Manual5-16Event Status and Event Status Enable RegistersThe Event Status Register (ESR) assigns specified events to specific bits (see Figure

Operating the Meter Using the Computer InterfaceService Requests (IEEE-488 Only and Status Registers55-17Table 5-6. Description of Bits in ESR and ESE

45Users Manual5-18Table 5-7. Description of Bits in the Status Byte Register*Bit No. Name True (Set to 1) Condition01234567Not used.Not used.Not used.

Operating the Meter Using the Computer InterfaceComputer Interface Command Set55-196 will always be zero.) Convert the returned value to binary to det

45Users Manual5-20Table 5-8. IEEE-488 Interface Function SubsetsSH1 Source HandshakeAH1 Acceptor HandshakeT5

Operating the Meter Using the Computer InterfaceComputer Interface Command Set55-21Table 5-10. IEEE-488 Common Commands (cont)Command Name Description

45Users Manual5-22Function Commands and QueriesThe commands in Table 5-11 relate to measurement functions. See Table 5-13 for rangesand measurement ra

Operating the Meter Using the Computer InterfaceComputer Interface Command Set55-23Table 5-12. Function Modifier Commands and QueriesCommand Descripti

45Users Manual5-24Table 5-12. Function Modifier Commands and Queries (cont.)Command DescriptionMAXSET<numeric value>MINMINSET<numeric value&g

Operating the Meter Using the Computer InterfaceComputer Interface Command Set55-25Range and Measurement Rate Commands and QueriesThe commands in Tabl

45Users Manual5-26Table 5-13. Range and Measurement Rate Commands and Queries (cont.)Command DescriptionRANGE1?RANGE2?RATE <speed>RATE?Returns t

Operating the Meter Using the Computer InterfaceComputer Interface Command Set55-27Compare Commands and QueriesThe commands in Table 5-15 cause the me

45Users Manual5-28Miscellaneous Commands and QueriesMiscellaneous commands and queries are summarized in Table 5-17.Table 5-17. Miscellaneous Commands

Operating the Meter Using the Computer InterfaceComputer Interface Command Set55-29RS-232 Remote/Local ConfigurationsThe commands in Table 5-18 are us

45Users Manual5-30Sample Program Using the RS-232 Computer InterfaceFigure 5-5 is an annotated BASIC A program, written for an IBM PC (or compatible),

vList of TablesTable Title Page1-1. Accessories...

Operating the Meter Using the Computer InterfaceSample Programs Using the IEEE-488 Computer Interface55-31Sample Programs Using the IEEE-488 Computer

45Users Manual5-32aam25s.tifFigure 5-6. Sample Programs for IEEE-488 Computer Interface (cont.)

Operating the Meter Using the Computer InterfaceSample Programs Using the IEEE-488 Computer Interface55-33aam26s.tifFigure 5-6. Sample Programs for IE

45Users Manual5-34aam27s.tifFigure 5-6. Sample Programs for IEEE-488 Computer Interface (cont.)

Operating the Meter Using the Computer InterfaceSample Programs Using the IEEE-488 Computer Interface55-35

6-1Chapter 6MaintenanceNoteWhen servicing the meter, use only the replacement parts specified.IntroductionChapter 6 provides the information necessary

45Users Manual6-2Current Input FusesThe 100 mA and 10 A inputs are protected by user-replaceable fuses.• The 100 mA input is protected by a fuse rate

MaintenanceCurrent Input Fuses66-3If the fuse is good, the meter will read between .04 Ω and 1.0 Ω. If the fuse is blown,the meter will read >10 MΩ

45Users Manual6-43. Carefully remove the fuse and replace it with one rated as listed above.4. Reverse the disassembly procedure to reassemble the m

MaintenanceService66-54. The following tests require a Fluke 5725A Amplifier (or equivalent) to be used withthe 5700A. The input level for the perfor